We describe the infectivity, virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic positions of naturally occurring oomycete parasites of daphnia, invertebrates which play a major role in aquatic food webs. Focuses on hosts rather than the parasites themselves. Laboratory of ecology and epidemiology of parasites. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia organism that lives attached to the body surface of another organism. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia, by dieter ebert illustrated html and pdf at nih filed under. The waterflea daphnia has been a key model organism in ecology, ecotoxicology and evolutionary biology for more than a century. General concepts on the evolutionary biology of parasites. This chapter provides a short introduction to the topic of the book.
Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia an open access book by dieter ebert published online by the national center for biotechnology information in bethesda md, usa. Ecology and evolution of parasitism hosts to ecosystems edited by frederic thomas, jeanfrancois guegan, and francois renaud. Selective predation, parasitism, and trophic cascades in a. Daphnias common name of water flea comes from its jumplike movement, which results from the beat of the large antennae used for swimming figure figure1. Download citation introduction to the ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia defining parasitesalthough parasites have traditionally been defined by a combination of. Daphnia parasites were found in 30 out of 43 hybridizing daphnia populations. Parasitism and phenotypic change in colonial hosts. Universitat basel, zoologisches institut, evolutionsbiologie, vesalgasse 1, 4051 basel, switzerland. Jan 14, 2016 2014 comprises 17 chapters, eight of which are new, but with continuing emphasis on biodiversity, ecology, and evolution of animal parasites. Parasites have been shown to reduce host density and to induce host population extinction in some cases but not in others. Daphnia practical biology bibliographies cite this for me.
An evolutionary definition of parasitism sciencedirect. Ecology and evolution of parasitism frederic thomas. Elsevier controversies in parasitology international journal for parasitology 28 1998 531533 an evolutionary definition of parasitism derek a. The effect of parasites on host population density and. Recently, several studies have suggested a possible role of predation in reducing parasitism, but this idea has received little experimental attention. Both species infect only the crustacean daphnia magna waterflea d. Such dynamics should arise most prominently when rapidly evolving. Three of four detected parasites were common and found at high prevalence table 2 which contrasts with the hypothesis that parasite prevalence in daphnia populations coexisting with planktivorous fish is limited ebert et al. Microparasites r p is the average number of new cases of the disease secondary infections that arise from a single infectious host introduced. As disease incidence increases worldwide, there is increased interest in determining the factors controlling parasitism in natural populations. This chapter provides an overview of the biology of waterfleas of the genus daphnia. Introduction to the ecology, epidemiology, and evolution. Hamiltosporidium is a genus of microsporidia, which are intracellular and unicellular parasites. The role of evolution in hostparasite ecology has only been demonstrated in a few other cases.
Parasites that attack the developing embryos of daphniids, known as brood parasites, were first described in the early 1900s but have received relatively little study. This chapter is short, however, because the parasites will be dealt with in. This summary is followed by chapter 3, which introduces the reader to certain parasite species that are frequently mentioned in the book. Here, i present the results of an experiment in which i manipulated predation rate in large field. Daphnia are members of the order cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because their saltatory wiktionary swimming style resembles the movements of fleas. Sep 18, 2015 ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in ncbi nih nov 30, 2005. Numerous natural predators are known and can lead to plastic phenotypic responses. Daphnia, a genus of small planktonic crustaceans, are 0. Virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic analyses. It describes basic aspects of individual physiology and nutrition, including some remarks about immunity. Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis, and hamiltosporidium magnivora. Infectivity is influenced by parasite spore age and. Resources, key traits and the size of fungal epidemics in. Next he discusses genetic interactions between hosts and parasites, and he ends with a section on the community ecology of.
Daphnia magna is a small planktonic crustacean adult length 1. Daphnia pulex is the first crustacean to have its genome sequenced. May 12, 2007 as disease incidence increases worldwide, there is increased interest in determining the factors controlling parasitism in natural populations. An array of field and laboratory studies show that evolution can operate on sufficiently short time scales to strongly influence ecological interactions thompson 1998, hairston et al. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia internet. Nov 30, 2005 ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia an open access book by dieter ebert published online by the national center for biotechnology information in bethesda md, usa. Daphnia are filter feeders that direct small suspended particles into their mouth by a water current produced by their leaflike legs figure figure1. Rapid evolution, seasonality, and the termination of. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in ncbi nih nov 30, 2005.
Master books, 2006, by gary parker illustrated html with commentary at. Parasitism and phenotypic change in colonial hosts volume 140 issue 11 hanna hartikainen, ines fontes, beth okamura. Nov 10, 2006 daphnia parasites were found in 30 out of 43 hybridizing daphnia populations. They concluded that this is because the hosts adaptive response against fish predators changes life history traits expressed early during the hosts life, whereas the parasite affects its host during later stages. Availability of the genome sequence will have implications for research in aquatic ecology and evolution in particular, as addressed by a series of papers published recently in bmc evolutionary biology and bmc genomics. Although elton 1927 devoted a chapter in his pioneering ecology book to parasitism his conclusion was that the re semblances between predators and parasites are more important than the differences. Daphnia practical biology bibliographies in harvard style. I define parasites as any small organism closely associated with, and harmful to, a larger organism. Next he discusses genetic interactions between hosts and parasites, and he ends with a section on the community ecology of parasites and their role in the evolution of their hosts. He begins with the biology of parasitestheir life cycles, habitats, and different types of associations with their hosts. The 2010 daphnia genomics consortium dgc meeting, the first held in europe, in the city of leuven belgium, was a pivotal point in the development of an emerging and powerful model system for environmental and ecological genomics. The first book to provide a broad synthesis of both the roles and consequences of pathogens on the ecology and evolution of free living systems.
Thus, there is interest in understanding factors that influence the infectivity and yield of transmission stages spores of common daphnia parasites. Laboratory of ecology and epidemiology of parasites faculty of science institute of biology laboratory of ecology and epidemiology of parasites. Here, we aim to support this hypothesis with a specific epidemiological model using a cross. Following this introduction, chapter 2 gives a general summary of daphnia biology, highlighting at the same time those aspects that may be relevant for the study of parasitism. Nonetheless, surprisingly few examples of such eco. In parasitism, claude combes explores the fascinating adaptations parasites have developed through their intimate interactions with their hosts. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia 2005 ncbi bethesda, md. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia.
Sep 03, 2017 daphnia practical biology bibliographies in harvard style. The water flea daphnia a new model system for ecology and. The water flea daphnia a new model system for ecology. Introduction to daphnia biology ecology, epidemiology. It summarizes the typical life cycle and development of daphnia. Jan, 2010 daphnia pulex is the first crustacean to have its genome sequenced. National library of medicine us, national center for biotechnology information. Daphnia is a large genus comprising over 200 species belonging to the cladoceran family daphniidae. Thus, there is interest in understanding factors that influence the infectivity and yield of transmission stages spores of common daphnia parasi. Rapid evolution, seasonality, and the termination of parasite. We tested the impact of spore age from 1 day to 1 year and. Epidemiological models suggest that variable effects of parasites on individual hosts can explain this variability on the population level.
We were able to extract 4 oomycete isolates from dead daphnia and successfully. May 03, 2019 ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia organism that lives attached to the body surface of another organism. Introduction to daphnia biology ecology, epidemiology, and. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in. We found fungal epidemics grew largest in lakes with more resources i. Daphnia longispina is a planktonic crustacean of the family daphniidae, a cladoceran freshwater water flea. The modes of reproduction and the induction of resting egg production in cyclic and obligate parthenogenetic forms are discussed. The book has been completely revised to take account of the extensive advances and latest developments in these fields to meet the requirements of a new generation of students, whether in biology. Each subgenus has been further divided into a number of species complexes. Daphnia pulex individuals were found dead and covered by oomycete mycelia when exposed to pond sediments. Ecology principles of field biology and ecology new york et al mcgrawhill, 1958, by allen h. It can be found in lakes and shallow ponds rich in organic matter sediment.
Parasites impact ecological and evolutionary dynamics of daphnia populations, their interactions with other food web members, and even ecosystemlevel processes. Infectivity is influenced by parasite spore age and exposure. Here, we link previous morphological descriptions of the oomycete brood parasite blastulidium paedophthorum. This chapter provides an overview of the biology of waterfleas of the genus. Specifically, we measured algal resource density, body size and reproduction of uninfected daphnia, body size and production of fungal spores in infected daphnia, daphnia population density and the ultimate size of each epidemic. The understanding of species boundaries has been hindered by. Parasitism is now recognized as a major factor impacting the ecology and evolution of plankton, including daphnia. Virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic. Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in daphnia by d. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, frederic thomas and others published ecology and evolution of parasitism find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. It inhabits a variety of freshwater environments, ranging from acidic swamps to rivers made of snow runoff, and is broadly distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and south africa. Virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic analyses of oomycete parasites in daphnia volume 5 issue 14 j. Food stoichiometry affects the outcome of daphniaparasite.
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